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- University of St. Andrews: Biography Index
Names are listed alphetically or by date, from 1680 BC to the present.
- Abel - Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829)
Norwegian mathematician. Worked on elliptic functions and integrals, algebraic solution of equations and solubility by radicals.
- al-Khwarizmi - Abu Ja'far al-Khwarizmi (780-850)
Arab mathematician, lived when spread of ideas was very slow, wrote Hisab al-jabr wal-muqabala, concepts of the Middle East. The "al-jabr" gave us the word algebra." introduced the decimal system, rules for solving linear and quadratic equations, the word "algorithm" comes from his name.
- Al-Sabi Thabit ibn Qurra al-Harrani
Gives information on background and contributions to non-euclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, number theory and the field of statics. Was an important translator of Greek materials, including Euclid's Elements, during the Middle Ages.
- Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (1903-1987)
The most prominent twentieth-century mathematician.
- Anecdotes, Quotations, and Trivia: Physicists and Mathematicians
Illustrated collecction.
- Archimedes (c. 287 B.C.-212 B.C.)
(Encyclopedia.com) Greek mathematician, physicist, and inventor.
- Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782)
Most important work considered the basic properties of fluid flow, pressure, density and velocity, and gave their fundamental relationship now known as Bernoulli's principle.
- Bessel - Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846)
Catalogued stars, predicted a planet beyond Uranus as well as the existence of dark stars, investigated Johann Kepler's problem of heliocentricity, and systematized the mathematical functions involved, which now bear his name.
- Biographies of Women Mathematicians
On-going project by students in mathematics classes at Agnes Scott College, in Atlanta, Georgia.
- Cauchy - Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857)
(Catholic Encyclopedia) Theory of polyhedra, symmetrical functions, proof of a theorem of Fermat which had baffled mathematicians like Gauss and Euler.
- Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789-1857)
Cauchy contributed to almost every branch of mathematics. He is probably best known for his important contributions to real and complex analysis.
- Chebyshev - Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894)
Work on prime numbers included the determination of the number of primes not exceeding a given number, wrote an important book on the theory of congruences, proved that there was always at least one prime between n and 2n for n > 3.
- Cramer - Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752)
Best known for his work on determinants, made contributions to the study of algebraic curves.
- d'Alembert - Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783)
Helped to resolve the controversy in mathematical physics over the conservation of kinetic energy by improving Newton's definition of force.
- Dedekind, Richard (1831-1916)
study of CONTINUITY and definition of the real numbers in terms of Dedekind "cuts", the nature of number and mathematical induction, definition of finite and infinite sets; algebraic number fields, concept of RINGS.
- Diophantus of Alexandria (c. 200-284 )
Best known for his Arithmetica, a work on the theory of numbers, a collection of 130 problems giving numerical solutions of determinate equations.
- Dirichlet - Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859)
Proved that in any arithmetic progression with first term coprime to the difference there are infinitely many primes, units in algebraic number theory, ideals, proposed the modern definition of a function.
- Eratosthenes Hub
Links to information and resources for Eratosthenes.
- Fermat - Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665)
From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball.
- Fibonacci - Who was Fibonacci? - Leonardo of Pisa (1175?-1250)
His names, mathematical contributions, Introducing the decimal number system into Europe, Fibonacci Series.
- Fibonacci Mathematics
Life and work of Leonardo of Pisa, by Dr. Peter Reimers.
- Fourier - Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830)
Baron, mathematical physicist, French Revolution, a teacher, a secret policeman, a political prisoner, governor of Egypt, The Analytic Theory of Heat
- Galois - The Evariste Galois Archive
Includes personal biography, explanation of his theory and related links.
- Galois, Évariste (1811-1832)
Galois theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the general solution of equations, group theory, method of determining when a general equation could be solved by radicals, solved many long-standing unanswered questions.
- Gauss - Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Gauss' Biography, Formulae, properties, Gauss' Life in Charts, Quotes, Doing a report on Gauss?, Works Cited List
- Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich (1777-1855)
One of the all-time greats, Gauss began to show his mathematical brilliance at the early age of seven. He is usually credited with the first proof of The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
- Grassmann, Hermann - 1862
Explains the published paper called Ausdehnungslehre, which translates to "Theory of Extension". The purpose is to create a universal type of geometric calculus. This development is used in linear and non-linear algebra, today.
- Kolmogorov, Andrei Nikolaevich (1903-1987)
Worked on trigonometric series, set theory, integration analysis, constructive logic, topology, approximation methods, probability, statistics, random processes, information theory, dynamical systems, algorithms, celestial mechanics, Hilbert's 13th problem, and ballistics. Also, studied and applications of mathematics to problems of biology, geology, linguistics and the crystallization of metals. Born and lived in Russia.
- Lambert - Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728 - 1777)
In a memoir in 1768 on transcendental magnitudes he proved that pi is incommensurable.
- Oughtred, William (1574-1660)
Best known for the invention of an early form of the slide rule.
- Peirce, Benjamin (1809-1880)
Life and work of 19th century mathematician and philosopher of mathematics; by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh.
- Pell, John (1611-1685)
Worked on algebra and number theory, gave a table of factors of all integers up to 100000 in 1668. Pell's equation is y^2 = ax^2 + 1, where a is a non-square integer.
- Plato (427-347 B.C.)
"... the reality which scientific thought is seeking must be expressible in mathematical terms, mathematics being the most precise and definite kind of thinking of which we are capable."
- Ptolemy - Ptolemy's Ptools - History of Ptolemy (c. 87-150)
Who was Ptolemy? Claudius (Ptolemaues) Ptolemy, born in Egypt in about 85 A.D., one of the most infuential Greek astronomers, geographers and mathematicians.
- Schmidt, Erhard (1876-1959)
Main research was functional analysis, doctorate was obtained under Hilbert's supervision, main interest was in integral equations and Hilbert space, best remembered for the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process.
- The History of Mathematics
Collection of original papers of Berkeley, Hamilton, Riemann, Boole, Cantor, and Newton. Includes background and notes. Maintained by David R. Wilkins from Trinity College, Dublin
- Zermelo - Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (1871-1953)
Zermelo in 1908 was the first to attempt an axiomatisation of set theory
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